“Since 7th of October, the soldier came and sit down under this tree. And they put the Israeli flag here. And right now, if we try to cross 10 meters, the soldier will start to run, chasing us to go back here. And if we say, ‘This is my land,’ they start to shoot live.” Since the Oct. 7 Hamas attacks in southern Israel, violence against Palestinians in the occupied West Bank has intensified. Extremist Israeli settlers have been emboldened in what Palestinians say is an increased effort to seize their land with support from the Israeli Army. On Oct. 13, Sami Hourani’s cousin Zacharia al-Adara was shot and wounded by an Israeli settler in the Palestinian village of at-Tuwani. It happened just a hundred meters from Hourani’s home. “The settler was holding a gun and he was clearly with civilian dress coming towards my village, he was attacking a house. The settler started to walk towards Zacharia and just shot him. Zacharia is since the 13th of October in the I.C.U. in the hospital. And the most scary part now is that if this will be the new reality that they want to do after the war.” Since Oct. 7, the U.N. has recorded more than 280 attacks by settlers in the occupied West Bank, opening fire on Palestinian villagers, destroying their farmland and setting fire to their businesses and homes. Observers say the attacks are part of the campaign for settlement expansion. “The closed house is here in front of us. Here is the village of Tuba, and that up there, there is the settlement of Ma’on.” Across the West Bank, there are more than 700,000 Israelis living in settlements that most of the world considers illegal. The Israeli Army says that it takes the violence very seriously and that it’s taken action to apprehend those responsible. However, human rights groups say arrests are rare, and soldiers have been seen accompanying settlers during some attacks, including the man who shot al-Adara on Oct. 13. Zvi Sukkot is a member of Israel’s Parliament representing the far-right religious Zionist party. He’s become a prominent voice in the movement to expand Israeli settlements. Sukkot first started making headlines more than a decade ago as a member of the hilltop youth, young Israelis who would squat areas of the West Bank with the hope of claiming the land for eventual new settlements. In 2012, Israel’s Security Agency accused him of leading covert and violent activity against Palestinians, and he was temporarily banned from entering the West Bank. But after Oct. 7, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu appointed him to lead a committee handling security issues in the territory. Reporter: “What changed for you after the Hamas attacks of October 7?” Reporter: “Do you condemn the acts of violence being committed by Israeli settlers against Palestinians?” But for Palestinians that claim to the land means displacement. In the past seven weeks alone, the U.N. says more than 1,000 villagers have been forced to leave their homes due to settler violence across the West Bank. Dalal al-Awad and her family are farmers from a village called Tuba. They’ve survived multiple attacks by settlers who told them to leave. For now, the family has little choice but to pack up and move to the hills every night, sleeping outside, away from their home.

“Free, free, free Palestine!” “Cease-fire now!” “Every morning, I write on the group, ‘Please, are you all OK?’ This is the fourth day I’m trying to reach Mom. You know, I come from a relatively small family. Father. Mother. Muhammad. Reema. Reham. Mahmoud. Rula. Ruwaa. Shaimaa. My childhood memories. I smell the food that my aunts and neighbors were cooking. And when the summer comes and the breeze of the beach. But now? Every day since Oct. 7, my body is here, but my heart is connected to each one of my family. So far they are alive, but they are not OK. Shushu is the youngest girl, and I am the youngest boy. I kind of helped raising her. We’d always play together, and we were kind of the spoiled in the family. So Shushu and I and my mother were always inseparable. There is not a single safe place in Gaza. Whenever I read that they bomb a house in Nuseirat or bomb a house in Maghazi or in Zawayda or Deir al Balah or Rafah, I immediately think, Is it my sister’s house? Is it my parents’ house? I never thought that this chat group is the most important thing in my life. It breaks the news if my family is alive or not. I keep trying and praying. Trying and pray.”